Transition metal oxides are compounds formed by transition metals and oxygen. These materials often exhibit unique electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, making them important in various applications, such as catalysis, sensors, and electronics. Common transition metals in these oxides include titanium, iron, and copper. The structure and behavior of transition metal oxides can vary significantly depending on their composition and the oxidation state of the metal. This variability allows for a wide range of functionalities, including superconductivity and ferromagnetism, which are crucial for advancements in technology and materials science.