The "tragic arc" refers to the narrative structure commonly found in tragic stories, where a character experiences a downward spiral due to a combination of flaws, fate, and circumstances. This arc typically begins with the character in a position of strength or happiness, but as the story progresses, they face challenges that lead to their eventual downfall. Key elements of the tragic arc include the protagonist's hamartia or tragic flaw, which contributes to their demise, and the catharsis experienced by the audience as they witness the character's suffering. This structure is prevalent in works by playwrights like Shakespeare and Sophocles.