Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) refers to the understanding and insights about the environment that Indigenous and local communities have developed over generations. This knowledge encompasses information about local ecosystems, species, and sustainable practices that have been passed down through oral traditions, stories, and cultural practices. TEK is often based on direct experiences and observations of the natural world, making it valuable for biodiversity conservation and resource management. It complements scientific knowledge by providing context-specific insights, particularly in areas such as agriculture, fisheries, and wildlife management.