Thin-film coatings are extremely thin layers of material applied to surfaces to enhance their properties. These coatings can improve characteristics such as durability, corrosion resistance, and optical performance. They are commonly used in various industries, including electronics, optics, and automotive, to protect components and improve functionality. The application of thin-film coatings involves techniques like physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These methods allow for precise control over the thickness and composition of the coatings. Thin films can be found in everyday items, such as sunglasses with anti-reflective coatings and smartphone screens that resist scratches.