Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a class of medications used primarily to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by improving the body's sensitivity to insulin, which helps lower blood sugar levels. TZDs target specific receptors in fat and muscle cells, promoting better glucose uptake and storage. Common examples of thiazolidinediones include pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. While effective in managing diabetes, these medications can have side effects, such as weight gain and an increased risk of heart problems. Therefore, they are usually prescribed alongside lifestyle changes like diet and exercise for optimal results.