The thermosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere located above the mesosphere and below the exosphere, extending from about 85 kilometers (53 miles) to 600 kilometers (373 miles) above the Earth's surface. In this layer, temperatures can rise significantly, reaching up to 2,500 degrees Celsius (4,500 degrees Fahrenheit) or more due to the absorption of high-energy solar radiation. This layer is also where the International Space Station orbits and where phenomena like the Aurora Borealis occur. The thermosphere contains a small amount of air, and its density is very low, making it difficult for aircraft to fly in this region.