Thermal performance refers to how well a material or system can manage heat. It involves the ability to conduct, insulate, or store heat, which is crucial in various applications like buildings, electronics, and clothing. Good thermal performance helps maintain comfortable temperatures and improves energy efficiency. Factors affecting thermal performance include thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and insulation properties. Materials with low thermal conductivity, such as fiberglass or foam, are excellent insulators, while those with high conductivity, like metals, transfer heat quickly. Understanding thermal performance is essential for designing effective heating and cooling systems.