Thermal insulators are materials that reduce the transfer of heat. They work by slowing down the movement of heat energy, making them useful in various applications, such as building construction and clothing. Common examples include fiberglass, foam, and ceramic materials, which help keep spaces warm in winter and cool in summer. These materials are essential for energy efficiency, as they minimize heat loss or gain. By using thermal insulators, homes and appliances can maintain desired temperatures, leading to lower energy costs and a reduced environmental impact. Proper insulation contributes to overall comfort and sustainability.