Insulation materials are substances used to reduce the transfer of heat, sound, or electricity. They help maintain comfortable indoor temperatures by slowing down heat loss in winter and keeping heat out in summer. Common types include fiberglass, foam board, and cellulose, each with unique properties and applications. These materials are essential in building construction, as they improve energy efficiency and reduce heating and cooling costs. Proper insulation can also enhance soundproofing in homes and commercial spaces. Choosing the right insulation material depends on factors like climate, building design, and specific performance requirements.