The Roman Empire was a powerful ancient civilization that existed from 27 BC to AD 476 in the West and until 1453 in the East. It began when Julius Caesar’s adopted heir, Augustus, became the first emperor. The empire expanded across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia, known for its advanced engineering, architecture, and governance. At its height, the Roman Empire included territories such as Britain, Gaul, and Egypt. It was characterized by a complex system of roads, aqueducts, and cities. The empire's influence on law, culture, and language continues to be felt in modern societies today.