Texture mapping is a technique used in computer graphics to add detail to 3D models. By applying a 2D image, known as a texture, onto the surface of a 3D object, artists can create the appearance of complex surfaces like wood, stone, or fabric without increasing the model's geometric complexity. This process enhances realism in video games and animations. The texture is usually wrapped around the 3D model using coordinates that define how the image aligns with the object's surface. This method allows for efficient rendering, as it combines visual detail with lower computational costs, making it essential in fields like video game design and film production.