Bump Mapping is a computer graphics technique used to create the illusion of depth and texture on a surface without adding extra polygons. It works by altering the surface normals of a 3D model based on a grayscale image, known as a bump map. Lighter areas of the map create the appearance of raised surfaces, while darker areas simulate indentations. This method enhances visual detail and realism in 3D rendering, making objects appear more complex without significantly increasing computational load. Bump Mapping is commonly used in video games and animations to improve the look of surfaces like skin, stone, or fabric.