Temperate deciduous forests are characterized by four distinct seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. These forests are found in regions with moderate climates, where temperatures can vary significantly throughout the year. The trees in these forests, such as oak, maple, and beech, lose their leaves in autumn, allowing them to conserve water and energy during the cold winter months. These forests support a diverse range of wildlife, including mammals like deer and squirrels, as well as various bird species. The rich soil in temperate deciduous forests is often fertile, promoting a variety of understory plants and shrubs. This ecosystem plays a crucial role in carbon storage and provides essential habitats for many species.