Tanah, or soil, is the upper layer of the Earth's surface where plants grow. It is composed of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Soil plays a crucial role in supporting ecosystems, providing nutrients for plants, and serving as a habitat for various organisms. Different types of tanah, such as clay, sand, and silt, have unique properties that affect water retention and fertility. The formation of tanah occurs through a process called weathering, where rocks break down over time due to natural elements like wind, water, and temperature changes. This process is essential for creating fertile land that can sustain agriculture. Healthy tanah is vital for food production and maintaining biodiversity in ecosystems.