Surgical techniques refer to the various methods and procedures used by surgeons to treat injuries, diseases, or deformities. These techniques can be classified into categories such as open surgery, where large incisions are made, and minimally invasive surgery, which uses smaller incisions and specialized instruments. The choice of technique often depends on the patient's condition and the specific procedure required. Common surgical techniques include laparoscopy, which involves using a camera and instruments inserted through small incisions, and robotic surgery, where surgeons control robotic arms for precision. Each technique aims to improve patient outcomes, reduce recovery time, and minimize complications.