Surface roughness refers to the texture of a surface, characterized by its small-scale variations in height and depth. It is an important factor in manufacturing and engineering, as it can affect how materials interact with each other, including friction, wear, and adhesion. Measuring surface roughness helps in assessing the quality of a surface finish, which is crucial for components in machinery, automotive parts, and even medical devices. Common methods for measuring roughness include using a profilometer or scanning electron microscope, which provide precise data on the surface's characteristics.