Stomata are tiny openings found on the surfaces of leaves and stems of plants. They play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis, allowing carbon dioxide from the air to enter the plant while releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Each stoma is surrounded by two specialized cells called guard cells, which regulate its opening and closing based on environmental conditions. These openings also help in transpiration, the process by which water vapor exits the plant. By controlling the amount of water lost, stomata help maintain the plant's internal balance and contribute to its overall health. Proper functioning of stomata is essential for plant growth and survival.