Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy. During this process, these organisms use sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and water from the soil to produce glucose, a type of sugar that serves as food. Oxygen is released as a byproduct, which is essential for the survival of most living organisms on Earth. The main site of photosynthesis in plants is the chloroplast, an organelle that contains the green pigment chlorophyll. This pigment captures sunlight, allowing the plant to harness energy. Photosynthesis is crucial for life on Earth, as it forms the base of the food chain and helps regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.