A sphygmomanometer is a medical device used to measure blood pressure. It typically consists of an inflatable cuff that wraps around the upper arm, a measuring unit, and a bulb for inflating the cuff. When the cuff is inflated, it temporarily stops blood flow in the artery. As the cuff deflates, the device measures the pressure at which blood starts to flow again, providing two readings: systolic and diastolic pressure. Sphygmomanometers can be manual or digital. Manual versions require a stethoscope to listen for blood flow sounds, while digital models display readings on a screen. These devices are essential for monitoring cardiovascular health and diagnosing conditions like hypertension.