Space biology is the study of how living organisms, including plants, animals, and humans, respond to the unique conditions of outer space. This field examines the effects of microgravity, radiation, and other environmental factors on biological processes, such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Researchers in space biology conduct experiments aboard spacecraft like the International Space Station to understand how life adapts to space. Their findings help improve the health and performance of astronauts during long missions and contribute to future exploration of other planets, such as Mars.