A solar cycle is a period of about 11 years during which the Sun goes through changes in its activity and appearance. This cycle includes variations in the number of sunspots, which are dark spots on the Sun's surface caused by magnetic activity. As the cycle progresses, the number of sunspots increases, reaching a peak known as the solar maximum, before decreasing again to a solar minimum. These changes in solar activity can affect space weather, impacting satellites, communication systems, and even power grids on Earth. Understanding the solar cycle helps scientists predict these effects and prepare for potential disruptions caused by solar storms.