Solar activity refers to the various phenomena that occur on the surface of the Sun and in its atmosphere. This includes sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These events are caused by the Sun's magnetic field and can influence space weather, affecting satellites and communication systems on Earth. The level of solar activity varies over an approximately 11-year cycle known as the solar cycle. During periods of high activity, more sunspots and flares are observed, while low activity periods have fewer occurrences. Understanding solar activity is essential for predicting its effects on our planet and technology.