Shrapnel shells are a type of artillery ammunition designed to explode in the air, scattering metal fragments over a wide area. They were named after Henry Shrapnel, a British Army officer who developed this type of shell in the late 18th century. The primary purpose of shrapnel shells is to inflict damage on enemy troops and equipment by dispersing shrapnel, or small metal pieces, upon detonation. These shells typically contain a casing filled with explosive material and metal balls or fragments. When fired, the shell travels to a predetermined height before exploding, maximizing the spread of shrapnel. Shrapnel shells were widely used in various conflicts, particularly during World War I and World War II, due to their effectiveness against infantry.