Scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles located in the neck: the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. They play a crucial role in breathing by helping to elevate the first and second ribs, which expands the chest cavity. Additionally, these muscles assist in neck movement, allowing for lateral flexion and rotation. These muscles are innervated by the cervical spinal nerves and can be affected by various conditions, such as cervical radiculopathy or muscle strain. Proper function of the scalene muscles is important for overall neck stability and respiratory efficiency.