Rubber band ligation is a medical procedure used to treat hemorrhoids. During this procedure, a doctor places a small rubber band around the base of the hemorrhoid, cutting off its blood supply. This causes the hemorrhoid to shrink and eventually fall off within a few days. The procedure is typically performed in a doctor's office and does not require anesthesia. Patients may experience mild discomfort or a sensation of pressure, but serious complications are rare. Rubber band ligation is considered an effective and minimally invasive option for managing hemorrhoids.