Routing and switching are essential functions in computer networks that help direct data traffic. Routing involves determining the best path for data to travel across multiple networks, using devices called routers. These routers analyze the destination address of data packets and forward them accordingly, ensuring efficient communication between different networks. Switching, on the other hand, occurs within a single network. It involves directing data packets between devices on the same local area network (LAN) using switches. Switches create a direct connection between devices, allowing them to communicate quickly and efficiently without unnecessary delays, optimizing network performance.