Ring forts, also known as raths, are ancient circular earthworks found primarily in Ireland. These structures were built during the early medieval period, typically between 500 and 1000 AD. They served as fortified settlements, providing protection for families and livestock from potential invaders. The walls of ring forts were often made from earth and stone, creating a defensive barrier. Inside the ring forts, there were usually living quarters, storage areas, and sometimes communal spaces. The layout often included a central area surrounded by a ditch or bank, which helped to deter attackers. Today, many ring forts are important archaeological sites that offer insights into early Irish society and culture.