Reservoir characterization is the process of understanding the properties and behavior of a geological formation that contains natural resources, such as oil or gas. This involves analyzing various factors, including rock types, porosity, permeability, and fluid content. By gathering and interpreting data from geological surveys, well logs, and seismic studies, scientists can create a detailed model of the reservoir. Effective reservoir characterization helps in predicting how resources will flow and behave over time. This information is crucial for energy companies to optimize extraction methods, manage production rates, and minimize environmental impacts, ultimately leading to more efficient resource management.