Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a type of kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the renal tubules. It is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults, accounting for about 90% of cases. RCC can vary in appearance and behavior, with different subtypes, including clear cell carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, and chromophobe carcinoma. Risk factors for developing RCC include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and certain genetic conditions. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, persistent back pain, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma.