Kidney cancer occurs when cells in the kidneys grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. The most common type is renal cell carcinoma, which typically affects adults. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, and high blood pressure. Symptoms may include blood in urine, persistent back pain, and unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests like CT scans or ultrasounds, and treatment options may include surgery, radiation, or targeted therapy. Early detection is crucial for better outcomes. Regular check-ups and awareness of symptoms can help in identifying kidney cancer at an earlier stage.