Religious radicalism refers to extreme beliefs and actions taken by individuals or groups that seek to promote their interpretation of a faith, often in opposition to mainstream practices. This can involve advocating for violence or intolerance against those who hold different beliefs, as seen in various historical and contemporary contexts. Such radicalism can emerge from a variety of factors, including political, social, and economic grievances. It is often fueled by a desire for change or a perceived threat to one's religious identity, leading to movements that may align with figures like Osama bin Laden or groups such as ISIS.