Refractive errors are common vision problems that occur when the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina. This can lead to blurred vision. The main types of refractive errors include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia. These conditions can often be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery. Regular eye exams are important for detecting refractive errors early, allowing for appropriate treatment to improve vision and overall quality of life.