Realizmus is a literary and artistic movement that emerged in the mid-19th century, primarily in response to the romanticism that preceded it. It focuses on depicting everyday life and ordinary people, emphasizing a truthful representation of reality. Realist artists and writers sought to portray the complexities of life without idealization, often highlighting social issues and the struggles of the working class. In literature, notable figures associated with realizmus include Gustave Flaubert and Leo Tolstoy, who explored themes of morality and society in their works. In visual arts, painters like Gustave Courbet and Édouard Manet captured realistic scenes of daily life, challenging traditional artistic conventions and paving the way for modern art movements.