Radiation refers to the emission and transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles. It can occur naturally, such as sunlight, or be produced artificially, like in X-ray machines. There are different types of radiation, including alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, each with unique properties and uses. Radiation is commonly categorized into ionizing and non-ionizing types. Ionizing radiation, which includes X-rays and gamma rays, has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, potentially causing damage to living tissue. Non-ionizing radiation, such as radio waves and microwaves, has lower energy and is generally considered safer for human exposure.