Ionizing radiation refers to particles or electromagnetic waves that carry enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules, meaning they can remove tightly bound electrons. This type of radiation includes alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and X-rays, which can be produced by radioactive decay or certain high-energy processes. Exposure to ionizing radiation can have significant effects on living organisms, including damage to DNA, which may lead to cancer or other health issues. While it has applications in medicine, such as in radiation therapy for cancer treatment, safety measures are crucial to minimize risks associated with exposure.