Quaternary ammonium salts, often referred to as quats, are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to four organic groups. They are commonly used as disinfectants, surfactants, and fabric softeners due to their ability to kill bacteria and viruses. Quats are positively charged, which allows them to interact effectively with negatively charged surfaces, enhancing their cleaning properties. These compounds are widely found in various products, including household cleaners, hand sanitizers, and hair conditioners. While they are effective in controlling microbial growth, concerns have been raised about their potential environmental impact and the development of resistance in some microorganisms.