Quaternary ammonium salts, often referred to as quats, are a class of chemical compounds that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to four organic groups. They are commonly used as disinfectants, surfactants, and preservatives due to their antimicrobial properties. Quats are effective against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, making them popular in household cleaners and industrial applications. These compounds are typically cationic, meaning they carry a positive charge, which helps them adhere to surfaces and disrupt microbial cell membranes. Examples of quaternary ammonium salts include benzalkonium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Their versatility and effectiveness make them valuable in various fields, including healthcare, food processing, and personal care products.