Quaternary ammonium compounds, often referred to as quats, are a class of chemicals that consist of a nitrogen atom bonded to four organic groups. They are commonly used as disinfectants, surfactants, and fabric softeners due to their ability to kill bacteria and viruses. Their positive charge allows them to interact effectively with negatively charged surfaces, making them useful in various cleaning products. These compounds are widely found in household cleaners, sanitizers, and personal care items like shampoos and conditioners. While they are effective in controlling microbial growth, concerns have been raised about their potential environmental impact and the development of resistance in some microorganisms.