Quantum gases are states of matter formed by particles that follow the principles of quantum mechanics. They typically occur at extremely low temperatures, close to absolute zero, where the particles exhibit wave-like behavior. The two main types of quantum gases are Bose-Einstein condensates and Fermi gases, which arise from different statistical distributions of particles. In a Bose-Einstein condensate, multiple particles occupy the same quantum state, leading to unique properties like superfluidity. In contrast, Fermi gases consist of fermions, which obey the Pauli exclusion principle, preventing them from occupying the same state. These gases provide insights into fundamental physics and have applications in various fields, including quantum computing.