The pterygoid plates are two flat, wing-like structures located at the base of the skull, specifically part of the sphenoid bone. They consist of the medial and lateral pterygoid plates, which serve as important attachment points for various muscles involved in jaw movement. These plates play a crucial role in the function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by providing support for the muscles of mastication, such as the medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid muscles. Their position and structure help facilitate the complex movements required for chewing and speaking.