The muscles of mastication are a group of muscles responsible for the movement of the jaw during chewing. They play a crucial role in breaking down food, allowing for easier digestion. The primary muscles involved include the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid. Each muscle has a specific function, such as elevating or moving the jaw side to side. These muscles are innervated by the trigeminal nerve, which is the fifth cranial nerve. Proper function of the muscles of mastication is essential for effective eating and speaking. Dysfunction can lead to issues like jaw pain or difficulty in chewing.