Protein microarrays are advanced laboratory tools used to study proteins and their interactions. They consist of a solid surface, often a glass slide, onto which thousands of different proteins are attached in a grid-like pattern. Researchers can then expose the microarray to various samples, such as blood or cell extracts, to detect specific proteins or measure their activity. These microarrays allow scientists to analyze multiple proteins simultaneously, making them valuable for applications like biomarker discovery and drug development. By providing a high-throughput method for protein analysis, they help accelerate research in fields such as genomics and proteomics.