Prolactinomas are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that produce excess prolactin, a hormone responsible for milk production and regulating menstrual cycles. These tumors can lead to various symptoms, including irregular periods, infertility, and in some cases, galactorrhea, which is the unexpected production of breast milk. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure prolactin levels and imaging studies like an MRI to visualize the tumor. Treatment options often include medications such as cabergoline or bromocriptine, which can help reduce tumor size and lower prolactin levels. In rare cases, surgery may be necessary.