Hyperprolactinemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of the hormone prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is primarily produced by the pituitary gland and plays a key role in regulating lactation and reproductive functions. High levels of prolactin can lead to various symptoms, including irregular menstrual cycles in women, infertility, and decreased libido in both men and women. The causes of hyperprolactinemia can vary and may include pituitary tumors (known as prolactinomas), certain medications, and other health conditions such as hypothyroidism. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure prolactin levels, and treatment options may include medication or surgery, depending on the underlying cause.