A processor, also known as a central processing unit (CPU), is the main component of a computer that performs calculations and executes instructions. It interprets and processes data from various software applications, enabling the computer to function effectively. The speed and efficiency of a processor are measured in gigahertz (GHz), indicating how many cycles it can perform per second. Processors come in various types, including those made by companies like Intel and AMD. They can have multiple cores, allowing them to handle several tasks simultaneously. This capability enhances the overall performance of devices such as laptops, desktops, and smartphones.