An embedded system is a specialized computer designed to perform dedicated functions within larger systems. Unlike general-purpose computers, embedded systems are optimized for specific tasks, often with real-time computing constraints. They are commonly found in devices like microwave ovens, washing machines, and automobiles, where they control various functions and processes. These systems typically consist of a microcontroller or microprocessor, memory, and input/output interfaces. They can be programmed to respond to specific inputs and execute predetermined tasks, making them essential for automation and efficiency in everyday devices. Examples include smart thermostats and medical devices that monitor patient health.