Primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease, occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. This condition can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin. It often results from an autoimmune response, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the adrenal glands. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure hormone levels and may include imaging studies. Treatment usually consists of hormone replacement therapy to restore normal hormone levels, helping individuals manage their symptoms and lead healthier lives. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential for effective management.