"Preclinical" refers to the stage of research that occurs before testing a new drug or treatment in humans. This phase typically involves laboratory experiments and studies using cell cultures and animal models to assess the safety and effectiveness of a potential therapy. Researchers gather data on how the treatment works, its potential side effects, and the appropriate dosages. The preclinical phase is crucial for identifying promising candidates for further development. It helps ensure that only the most viable treatments move on to clinical trials, where they are tested in human participants. This process aims to minimize risks and maximize the chances of success in later stages.