Cell cultures are laboratory techniques used to grow and maintain cells outside their natural environment. Scientists take cells from living organisms, such as animals or plants, and place them in a controlled environment with nutrients and conditions that support their growth. This allows researchers to study how cells function, respond to treatments, and interact with each other. These cultures are essential for various fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical research. By using cell cultures, scientists can test new drugs, understand diseases, and develop vaccines without needing to experiment directly on living organisms. This method has revolutionized biological research and medical advancements.