Potential theory is a branch of mathematics that studies harmonic functions and their properties. It focuses on the concept of potential, which describes how a physical quantity, like gravitational or electric potential, varies in space. This theory is essential in fields such as physics, engineering, and mathematics. In potential theory, the main objects of interest are harmonic functions, which are solutions to Laplace's equation. These functions help model various phenomena, including fluid flow and heat distribution. By analyzing these functions, researchers can gain insights into the behavior of systems influenced by forces like gravity or electricity.